Category Archives: Art History

Western Art I — Study Guide #2

 

Monuments

 

  1. Dipylon Krater, 5-2
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Geometric
    4. Provenance Dipylon Cemetery, Athens, Greece
    5. Date 750 BC
    6. Material Pottery
  2. Kroisos, Kouros from Anavysos, 5-9
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Archaic
    4. Provenance Anavysos, Greece
    5. Date 530 BC
    6. Material Marble
  3. Peplos Kore, 5-10
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Archaic
    4. Provenance Athens, Greece. Found at the Acropolis.
    5. Date 530 BC
    6. Material Marble
  4. Amphora by Exekias, 5-20
    1. Title
    2. Artist Exekias
    3. Period Archaic
    4. Provenance Attica, area around Athens. Found in Etruscan tomb.
    5. Date 530 BC
    6. Material Black figure pottery
  5. Athena, Herakles and Atlas, 5-33
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Classical
    4. Provenance Part of Zeus at Olympia Temple
    5. Date 470 BC
    6. Material marble
  6. Kritios Boy, 5-34
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Classical
    4. Provenance Athens, Greece. Part of Acropolis.
    5. Date 480 BC
    6. Material Marble
  7. Doryphoros by Polykleitos, 5-40
    1. Title
    2. Artist Polykleitos
    3. Period High Classical
    4. Provenance Polykleitos was from Argos, Greece. Popular Roman reproduction from Pompeii, Italy.  
    5. Date 450 BC
    6. Material Original was bronze, surviving Roman copy is marble.
  8. Parthenon, 5-1, 5-42 – 5-45
    1. Title
    2. Artists Phidias, Ictinus, Callicrates
    3. Period High Classical
    4. Provenance Athens, Greece.
    5. Date 448 – 432 BC
    6. Material white marble, caustic paint, ivory and gold for statue of Athena.
  9. Panathenaic Frieze, 5-50
    1. Canceled.
  10. Nike, from Temple of Athena Nike, 5-56
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period High Classical
    4. Provenance Athens, Greece. Acropolis. (Roman Roman Reproduction)
    5. Date 410 BC
    6. Material marble, high relief.
  11. Hermes by Praxiteles, 5-63
    1. Title
    2. Artist Praxiteles
    3. Period Late Classical
    4. Provenance Found at Temple of Hera, Olympia, Greece.
    5. Date 340 BC
    6. Material Marble
  12. Altar of Zeus, Pergamon, 5-78, 5-79
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Hellenistic
    4. Provenance Pergamon, Turkey
    5. Date 175 BC
    6. Material Marble
  13. Laocoon Group, 5-89
    1. Title
    2. Artist 3 Known Artists
    3. Period Hellenistic
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy
    5. Date 1st century AD.
    6. Material Marble
  14. Apollo of Veii, 6-4
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Etruscan
    4. Provenance Veii, Italy.
    5. Date 510 BC
    6. Material Painted terracotta
  15. Capitoline Wolf, 6-11
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Etruscan (babes added later)
    4. Provenance Rome
    5. Date 500 BC
    6. Material Cast bronze.
  16. Temple of Portunus, 7-3
    1. Canceled.
  17. Cubiculum, Boscoreale, 7-19
    1. Canceled.
  18. Augustus of Primaporta, 7-27
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Primaporta, Italy.
    5. Date Sometime after 20 BC
    6. Material Marble, copy of bronze original.
  19. Pont-du-Guard, 7-33
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Nimes, France
      1. Spans Guard River
    5. Date 16 BC
    6. Material limestone
      1. Voussoir Arches
  20. Colosseum, 7-36, 7-37
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy
    5. Date 80 AD
    6. Material Concrete core covered in travertine. Timber flooring covered in sand. Marble seats for VIPs. Upper seating probably wooden benches.  
      1. Seated 50,000 people.
      2. 76 barrel vaults
  21. Vespasian, 7-38
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Rome
    5. Date 80 AD
    6. Material Marble
  22. Arch of Titus, 7-40
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy.
    5. Date 80 AD
    6. Material Concrete and marble.
      1. Composite columns.
        1. Ionic and corinthian combined.
  23. Pantheon, 7-49 – 7-51
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Imperial
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy.
    5. Date 120 AD
    6. Material concrete, marble.
      1. Corinthian columns.
  24. Base, Column of Antoninus Pius, 7-57, 7-58
    1. Canceled.
  25. Tetrarchs, 7-73
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Late Imperial
    4. Provenance Traced to Constantinople, looted in 1204.
    5. Date 305 AD
    6. Material Porphyry
  26. Arch of Constantine, 7-75
    1. Canceled.
  27. Old Saint Peters, 8-9
    1. Canceled.
  28. Santa Constanza, 8-11 – 8-13
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Christian
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy.
    5. Date 350 AD
    6. Material Concrete, plain brick facade. Glass mosaics on interior walls. Spolia (reused building materials.)
  29. Good Shepherd Mosaic, 8-17
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Christian
    4. Provenance Ravenna, Italy
    5. Date 425 AD
    6. Material Glass mosaic
  30. Diptych of the Nicomachi and Symmachi, 8-25
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Christian
    4. Provenance Rome, Italy
    5. Date 400 AD
    6. Material Ivory, originally with wax on inside.
      1. High classical style.
  31. Vatican Vergil, 8-20
    1. Canceled.

 

Vocab

 

  1. Amphora
    1. Particular vessel shape.
    2. Wide mouth, bulbous body that flares to point.
    3. Used for storing liquids.
    4. Be able to draw.
    5. Amphora by Exekias
  2. Amphitheatre
    1. “Double theater”
    2. Like the Colosseum
  3. Arena
    1. Literally sand.
    2. Upon which gladiatorial combat took place.
    3. Like the Colosseum.
  4. Apotheosis
    1. When a mortal is transformed into a God.
    2. Like Column of Antoninus Pius
  5. Black figure/red figure
    1. Decoration on Greek pottery where coloring is result of firing process.
    2. Archaic.
    3. Amphora by Exekias
  6. Caryatid
    1. Female sculpture used as column.
    2. Like the Caryatid Porch in Athens.
  7. Contrapposto
    1. Relaxed standing
    2. Weight on one foot.
    3. Torso turned slightly.
    4. Kritios Boy
  8. Coffering
    1. A design made up of inset squares or other geometric shapes.
    2. Can be used to decrease the weight of a dome.
    3. Like the Pantheon.  
  9. Capitol
    1. The building from which the government leads
    2. Something related to the Capitoline hill.
    3. Like the US Capitol building
  10. Constatinie
    1. Roman Emperor
    2. Originally one of the Tetrarchs.
      1. Son of one of the original Tetrarchs.
      2. Killed the other 3 tetrarchs and took power for himself.
    3. Legalized the practice of Christianity.
    4. Made Constantinople the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
  11. Entasis
    1. A style in which the shaft of columns appear to swell under the weight of a building.
    2. Can be very slight or very dramatic.
    3. Parthenon
  12. Encaustic
    1. Paint in which the pigment is mixed with melted wax.
    2. Kouros from Anavyssos
  13. Engaged column/pilaster
    1. Engaged column
      1. Decorative only
      2. Romans liked them.
      3. Like a relief sculpture of a column.
    2. Like Colosseum
  14. Isocephaly
    1. Means “same head”
    2. All heads placed at same level in a composition.
    3. Typically for art placed on building.
    4. Visual level in harmony with building.
    5. Like Pantheon frieze
  15. Kore
    1. Archaic statue of young woman.
    2. Peplos Kore
  16. Kouros
    1. Archaic statue of young man.
    2. Kroisos Kouros
  17. Kylix
    1. Vessel for drinking wine at parties.
    2. Difficult to drink from.
      1. Controls drinking habits.
  18. Oculus
    1. “Eye”
    2. The round central opening of a dome.
    3. Pantheon
  19. Peripteral
    1. Building surrounded by columns
    2. Pantheon
    3. Lincoln Memorial
  20. Personification
    1. Representing idea/concept in form of human.
    2. Statue of Liberty
  21. Terracotta
    1. Orange, low fire ceramic material.
    2. Prefered material for Etruscan sculptures.
    3. Means cooked earth.
    4. Terracotta Army
  22. Tondo
    1. Round in Italian
    2. Means round composition in any medium.
    3. Inside of many kylixes
  23. Veristic
    1. Hyper naturalistic portraiture.
    2. Roman Republican portraiture.

 

Other:

 

What is Tuscan Order?

 

Similar to Doric Order, except columns smooth instead of fluted, and they have bases.

 

What in Corinthian Order?

 

Like the Ionic Order, except capital is different. Can be viewed the same from all four sides.

 

For extra credit, know styles.

 

Early classical:

-Not dynamic.

-Not revealing.

 

Classical Greek Art (Early classical?)

-Contrapposto

-More naturalistic

-Not completely frontal

 

Standards for classical

-Long straight nose

-Cupped prominent chin

-Strong prominent jaw

-Edge between eye sockets and forehead well defined.

-Full, rounded lips.

-Very smooth skin.

-The flesh itself is smooth.

 

High Classical

-Buffer

-More naturalistic

-More pronounced contrapposto

-Striding controposoto.

-Poses more naturalistic.

-More revealing clothing for females.

-Much more realistic drapery.

-Drapery used as element of design.

 

Late Classical

-Begins around 300 BC

-Corinthian order emerges.

-Female nudity in figure sculpture becomes acceptable.

-Little less muscular.

-Hair is more realistic.

-High relief, not just linear pattern.

-Softer features across whole body.

-A little more interest in expression.

-More three dimensional viewing experience.

 

Praxiteles

-Artist

-Signature s curve of upper torso leaning into engaged leg.

-Late classical.

 

Hellenistic

-More naturalistic

-More emotion

-Less rule oriented

-Longer hair (including facial hair)

-Eyes set back further in head.

-Deep undercutting creates dark shadows.

-Dramatic.

-Super human bodies.

-More chaotic composition

 

Photo Credit

Western Art I — Study Guide

Monuments

  1. Hagia Sophia, 9-5 – 9-8
    1. Title
    2. Artist Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus
    3. Period Early Byzantine
    4. Provenance Constantinople, modern day Turkey.  
    5. Date 532 – 537
    6. Material brick with stucco
      1. Uses pendentives  
  2. San Vitale, 9-1, 9-10, – 9-12
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Byzantine
    4. Provenance Ravenna, Northern Italy.
    5. Date 548
    6. Material Veined marble in interior. Gold ground (glass) mosaics.
  3. Justinian and Attendants, 9-13
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Byzantine
      1. Mainstream Byzantine Style
    4. Provenance Ravenna, Northern Italy
    5. Date 550 (confirm this)
    6. Material mosaic (glass?)
  4. Virgin and Child Icon, 9-18
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period Early Byzantine
    4. Provenance Monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt.  
    5. Date 600
    6. Material wood panel encaustically painted.
  5. Removed
  6. Removed
  7. Removed
  8. Matthew, Ebbo Gospels, 11-14
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  9. Palace Chapel of Charlemagne, 11-17, 11-18
    1. Title
    2. Artist Odo of Metz
    3. Period Carolingian
    4. Provenance Aachen, Germany.
    5. Date 800
    6. Material Stone (as opposed to early Christian brick)
  10. St. Michaels, Hildesheim, 11-22, 11-23
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  11. Hildesheim Doors, 11-24, 11-25
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  12. Otto III, Gospel Book of Otto III, 11-29
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  13. Removed
  14. Removed
  15. San Miniato al Monte, 12-27A
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  16. Saint-Sernin, Christ is Majesty, 12-8
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  17. Tympanum sculpture, Moissac, 12-11
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  18. Bayeux Tapestry, 12-37, 12-38
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  19. Bury Bible, 12-35
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  20. Chartres Cathedral, 13-1, 13-5, 13-13, 13-14
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  21. Chartres, Royal Portal Jamb Figures, 13-6, 13-7
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  22. Removed
  23. Reims Visitation Group, 13-24
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  24. Chartres Virgin and Child Window, 13-16
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  25. Psalter of St. Louis, 13-34
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  26. Virgin of Paris, 13-26
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  27. Salisbury Cathedral, 13-39 – 13-41
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  28. Death of the Virgin Tympanum, 13-46
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  29. Pieta, 13-50
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material
  30. Orvieto Cathedral, 14-12
    1. Title
    2. Artist
    3. Period
    4. Provenance
    5. Date
    6. Material

 

byzantine crescent” photo by fusion-of-horizons

Western Art I — Vocab

800

Charlemagne crowned first Holy Roman Emperor.

 

1066

 

Archivolt

The arch over a medieval doorway

 

Basilica

Nave in middle

Isles on side

Apse on one side

Old St. Peters

 

Benedictines

 

Cathedral

 

Charlemagne

 

Chi-Rho monogram

 

Cloister

 

Codex-manuscript

 

Flying buttress

 

Mandoria

 

Mendicant friars

 

Parchment/vellum

parchment = sheep

vellum = cow

 

Pendentive

 

Rayonnant

Architectural style that replaced French high gothic

Shining (huge windows)

 

Reliquary

 

Tympanum

Surface, door way

 

Qibla/Mihrab

 

 

Sonargaon Folk Arts & Crafts Museum” photo by SAM Nasim